Peripheral artery disease overview
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a group of diseases involving the arteries outside the heart (extra-cardiac arterial disease). The mechanism is primarily atherosclerosis, plaque build up in the inside walls of arteries. It is a very common problem affecting more than 6 million Americans. Having PAD increases your risks of developing arterial disease in other segments including your heart and brain arteries.
In this video, Dr. Leandro Perez explains what it is, how to know if you have it and the best ways to treat it.
What causes PAD?
The risk factors for developing PAD include:
Smoking
Diabetes
High Cholesterol
High Blood Pressure
Obesity
Unhealthy dietary habits
Advancing age
Genetic predisposition
PAD symptoms
The severity and location of blood flow reduction determines the symptom pattern in PAD. Lower extremity PAD may cause leg claudication symptoms. Upper extremity PAD may cause arm claudication symptoms. Cerebrovascular PAD may cause a stroke or TIA. Intestinal PAD may cause discomfort after consuming a meal.
How is PAD diagnosed?
The evaluation of PAD starts with a medical history and physical examination. This initial evaluation is usually followed by diagnostic imaging studies such as an ankle brachial index (ABI); vascular ultrasound; in some cases, a CT scan or MRI may be necessary.
How is PAD treated?
Treatment for PAD traditionally consists of reducing and preventing symptoms. Lifestyle changes are an important part of the conservative management strategy. If necessary, your doctor may prescribe medications to reduce your cholesterol and blood pressure. If your quality of life limitations persist despite conservative therapy, a revascularization procedure to improve your blood supply may be indicated.
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